《西方文明中的音乐》摘抄 第十章 巴洛克

2022-06-10 23:24:31

 
       The “dramatic” is usually conceived as being limited to an external happening or action representing opposing human individualities. But there exists also another sort of “dramatic” which we may call internal, struggle of forces in the individual man’s soul. Dramatic poetry can communicate to us, in reality, only the result of these struggles, because it must transform everything into intelligible and concrete symbols. Poetry can represent only momentary mental states, a series of them. Music, however, is capable of presenting these forces in their very struggle, thus giving us a real drama free of all material, tangible, or visible elements. Music is the language of the soul, it is the means of expression of actions and experiences which take place in the secluded depths of the soul. This fundamental characteristic of music makes it a natural expressive and communicative agent of artistic ideas, which are pre-eminently the results of mental experience.
 
      “戏剧”通常被认为是反映对立的个性冲突的外在事件。但还有另一类“戏剧”,不妨叫做一个人心灵的内在势力,即内心世界的斗争。戏剧性诗歌其实只能告诉我们这些斗争的结果,因为它必须把一切转化为具体而明白易懂的符号。诗歌只能表现瞬间的心理状态,或一系列状态。音乐倒是能够表现冲突中的这些势力,从而不靠任何可摸可见的物质因素而揭示真正的戏剧。音乐是心灵的语言,是表现发生在灵魂隐秘深处的行为和经历的手段。音乐的这一根本特点使它成为动情地表达艺术思想的天然中介,艺术思想主要是心灵经历的产儿。



But there are many images of the world that are incomplete without music and demand an association with it. There is, an extended domain in which music associates itself with poetry and drama, because there is a drama which can be fully expressed only through music. This drama cannot be conveyed by music alone in that universal drama which is the classical symphony, whose action takes place in the indefinite, for music has not, strictly speaking, pictorial means of illustration and explanation. It uses other means—forms, rhythms, etc.—to facilitate its comprehension. It order to transform the mental into the corporeal world, music must ally itself with another art or arts.
 
      但是,世界上有许多形象没有音乐就不完全,需要和音乐结合。因此,音乐与诗歌、戏剧相结合有广阔的天地,因为有的戏剧必须通过音乐才能充分表现。但这种戏剧不能单靠音乐,像古典交响曲那种广义的戏剧性来表达,交响曲表现的情节不明朗,因为严格说来,音乐没有举例、解释等具体描绘手段。音乐用其他手段如曲式、节奏等等,来使人理解。要把心灵世界转成有形体的世界,音乐必须同另一门或几门艺术结合。





泰勒曼(Georg Philipp Telemann, 1681-1767巴洛克晚期及华丽时期德意志汉堡派作曲家,器乐演奏家,音乐史上罕见的自学成才作曲家及最多产的作曲家之一,信义宗执事Heinrich之子,Georg Michael祖父,J.S.巴赫挚友,C.P.E.巴赫教父。早年活跃在家乡马格德堡、莱比锡、波兰扎雷、巴黎、艾森纳赫等地,自学音乐、入读大学、兼职作曲、建音乐社团、指挥歌剧院、指挥选侯宫廷、任选侯宫廷歌唱主管及结识J.S.巴赫等。1712-1721年居法兰克福,奠定个人音乐风格,再娶M.C.Textor,发表首部作品及首部合唱杰作,作品多产,名利双收,生活幸福。1721年人生转折,后居汉堡主,任汉堡市音乐总监近半个世纪,同时还教授歌唱音乐理论知识及指挥另外一个音乐团体,并短暂管理当地歌剧院。续弦不忠及嗜赌,几乎败光其全年收入,1736年后因经济纠纷而分居。1737年后漫游巴黎及柏林等地,采风作曲。1740年代创作不再高效,专注音乐理论研究及热衷园艺栽培。1750年代之作多数是早年戏仿,教会神剧作品多出自此时。1755年长子Andreas去世,肩负起养育孙子之重任。1762年起创作再减,但仍坚持创作,健康与视力衰退困扰其暮年。卒于汉堡,教子C.P.E.巴赫继任其职。



后记:鉴于之前有朋友提议每期推荐一首乐曲,在下擅自决定在每次分享朱毅老师的笔记时增加介绍一位作曲家和其一两首作品。因为手头的资料没有归类,作曲家没有按照年代排序,所以推荐的作曲家暂时也会有些混乱。随着笔记的分享,我会慢慢整理出来,如果可能,会再另外按时代顺序分享。如果您有什么的建议和意见,也希望您留言,以期这里的分享能带给朋友们更好的阅读体验。谢谢!

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